Image format

• Image file format means organizing and storing digital images.
• An image file format may store data in uncompressed, compressed, or vector formats.
• Image file format separated into four families:-
  
  1. Raster format
  2. Vector format
  3. Compound format or meta file format
  4. Stereo format

Raster format

• Raster graphics are digital images made up of rectangular pixels or square of colors.
• Raster files are usually larger than vector image files.

JPEG/JFIF

• JPEG applies lossy compression to images, which can result in a significant reduction of the file size.
• JPEG compressed images are usually stored in the JFIF file format.
• It compresses the data to be very much smaller in the file.
• If more edit will done than image quality will loss
• JPEG is used when small file size is more important than maximum image quality

Exif

• Stands for exchangeable image file format
• The Exif format is a file standard similar to the JFIF format with TIFF extensions.
• It include such things as camera settings, time and date, shutter speed, exposure, image size, compression, name of camera, color information. When images are viewed or edited by image editing software, all of this image information can be displayed.

TIFF

• Stands for tagged image file format.
• This format is a flexible format that normally saves eight bits or sixteen bits per color (red, green, blue) for 24-bit and 48-bit totals.
• TIFF can be lossy or lossless, depending on the technique chosen for storing the pixel data.
• It is easily extendible.
• It is not supported by web browser, widely used in printing business.

GIF

• Stands for graphics interchange format.
• GIF discards all Exif data, and while GIF is fine for video screen purposes, GIF does Not retain printing resolution values.
• GIF always uses lossless LZW compression.
• GIF is most suitable for storing graphics with few colors, such as simple diagrams, shapes, logos, and cartoon style images.

PNG

• Stands for portable network graphics.
• The PNG file format was created as a free, open-source alternative to GIF.
• PNG is storing images during the editing process because of its lossless compression.

Bitmap

• The BMP file format handles graphic files within the Microsoft Windows OS.
• BMP files are uncompressed, and therefore large and lossless.
• These are simple in structure and wide acceptance in Windows programs.

Vector format

• Vector graphics is the creation of digital images through a sequence of commands or mathematical statements that place lines and shapes in a given two-dimensional or three-dimensional space.
• Vector graphics are created from mathematical formulas.
• It allow to resize a image with minimal effect on file size and image clarity.
• It does not depends on individual pixels.

CGM

• CGM stands for computer graphics metafile.
• It is used in 2D graphics
• All graphical format can be stored in textual format

DXF

• DXF stands for drawing exchange format.
• It is typically used with AutoCAD software.

SVG

• SVG stands for scalable vector graphics.
• It is an open standard created and developed by the World Wide Web Consortium
• It is used for versatile, scriptable and all-purpose vector format for the web and otherwise.
• It does not have own compression scheme, can be compressed by using gzip software.

Compound format or Meta file format

These are formats containing both pixel and vector data, possible other data like the interactive features of PDF.

EPS

• EPS stands for encapsulated post Script
• EPS files stores with .epsf or .epsi extensions.
• EPS is used for printing to PostScript printers and image setters.
• It is used in graphics format for high resolution printing of illustrations.

PDF

• PDF stands for portable document format.
• PDF file format used to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.
• A PDF file captures document text, fonts, images, and even formatting of documents from a variety of applications.

SWF

• SWF stands for Small Web Format or shockwave flash.
• SWF format used for publishing the small scale animations or applets on the web.
• SWF also occur in programs, commonly browser games, using action script.

Stereo format

PNS

• Stands for portable network graphics
• This format consists of a side-by-side image based on PNG.
• This file store with .pns extension

MPO

• Stands for multi picture object.
• This format consists of multiple JPEG images.
• This files store with .mpo extension.

My notes